Precise Geolocation

Precise geolocation refers to data that identifies a device's location with high accuracy, typically within a radius of 1,750 feet or less. This granular location data is collected through GPS, WiFi triangulation, cellular tower data, Bluetooth beacons, or IP addresses. Precise geolocation can reveal sensitive information about individuals—where they live, work, worship, seek medical care, or attend political gatherings. Because of its sensitivity, precise geolocation data receives heightened protection under privacy laws. The CCPA and CPRA classify precise geolocation as personal information subject to consumer rights, including the right to know, delete, and opt-out of sale/sharing. The CPRA treats precise geolocation as sensitive personal information, giving consumers the right to limit its use and disclosure. The GDPR considers location data as personal data, and when combined with other information or when particularly precise, it may constitute special category data requiring explicit consent. Mobile apps collecting precise geolocation must disclose this clearly and obtain explicit permission, usually through device-level permissions. The FTC has taken enforcement action against companies that misrepresented location tracking practices. Best practices include collecting location data only when necessary, obtaining clear consent, providing ongoing notice when tracking is active, minimizing retention, and securing the data robustly.