Identifying Information

Specific data points that directly identify individuals without needing additional information—such as names, email addresses, phone numbers, Social Security numbers, driver's license numbers, or account numbers. Identifying information contrasts with indirect identifiers that might identify someone when combined with other data. This category represents the most obvious forms of personal data. While all identifying information is personal data, not all personal data is directly identifying—some requires combination with other information. Organizations should recognize identifying information, implement appropriate protections, minimize unnecessary collection, secure identifying information with strong controls, carefully manage disclosure, and consider masking or truncating identifying information when full values aren't needed. Direct identifiers typically receive heightened scrutiny in privacy assessments and should be the first focus of minimization efforts. When possible, replace identifying information with pseudonyms or codes for routine operations.